DIVERSITY IN LIVING ORGANISMS

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Monera

  • The group of organisms that have prokaryotic cell are grouped in Monera.
  • The organisms of kingdom monera are generally unicellular.
  • The organisms of kingdom monera do not have well defined nucleus or organelles.
  • Some organisms of this kingdom have cell wall while other do not have cell wall. If there is cell wall present or absent there mode of nutrition is vary. The organism having cell wall are autotrophs and the organisms which do not have cell wall are heterotrophs.
  •  This kingdom includes bacteria, blue-green algae or cyanobacteria, and mycoplasma.
  • ex:-Bacteria, Anabaena.

PROTISTA

  • The group of  unicellular organisms having eukaryotic cells are grouped in kingdom protista.
  • The mode of nutrition of the organisms of kingdom protista is autotrophic or  heterotrophic.
  • The organisms of kingdom protista uses  appendages, such as hair-like cilia or whip-like flagella for movements .
  • ex:-unicellular algae, diatoms and protozoans

FUNGI

  • The multicellular eukaryotic organisms having cell wall but don't perform photosynthesis are grouped in kingdom fungi.

















THALLOPHYTA 

  • The plants in which parts of plants can not be differentiate.

  • The plants in this groups commonly called algae. 

  • The plants in this groups are mainly aquatic.

  • example:-Spirogyra, Ulothrix, Cladophora and Chara etc.



BRYOPHYTA 

  • In this group there is no special tissue for transportation of food(phloem) and water ( xylem).

  • In this group some of the plants parts can be differentiated like leaf and steam.

  • It is also called amphibians of the plant Kingdom.

  • ex:-moss (Funaria) and Marchantia


kingdom Animalia is divided into 10 phylum.


PORIFERA

  • The organisms of this phylum is generally found in marine.
  • The organisms of this phylum have holes (pores) on their whole body.
  • The organisms of this phylum is non-motile.
  • These holes leads to canal system which helps in transportation of water which helps in transportation of food and oxygen.
  • The organisms of this phylum have covered with hard outside layer.

COELENTERATA

  • The organisms of this phylum is generally found in water.
  • The organisms of this phylum show more body design differentiation.
  • The organisms of this phylum have two layers of cells one makes the outer layer called epidermis of the body while others makes the inner lining of the body called gastrodermis.
  • The organisms of this phylum have a cavity in the body.
  • some of the organisms of this phylum lives  in colonies (corals), while others have a solitary like–span (Hydra).
  •  examples:-  Jellyfish and sea anemones

PLATYHELMINTHES

  • The body of organisms of this phylum is more complex than PORIFERA and COELENTERATA.
  • The body of organisms of this phylum is  bilaterally symmetrical, that means the right side and left side of the body is same.
  • The organisms of this phylum have 3 layers of cells that's why it is also called triploblastic.
  • The three layers of cells allows outside and inside body linings as well as some organs to be made.
  • The organisms of this phylum do not have cavity or coelom (space between body wall and gut wall)  in the body.
  • The organisms of this phylum have some degree of tissue formation.
  • The organisms of this phylum is also called flatworm because the body of theses organisms is flattened.
  • Some organisms of this phylum are  free whiles others are parasites.
  • example:- planarians ( free living),  liverflukes (parasitic)

NEMATODA

  • The organisms of this phylum is also  bilaterally symmetrical and triploblastic.
  • The body of organisms of this phylum is generally in cylindrical in shape.
  • The organisms of this phylum having tissue but not real organs.
  • The organisms of this phylum having a sort of body cavity or a pseudocoelom, is present.
  • The organisms of this phylum is generally parasitic worms that cause diseases.
  • example:-filarial worms (elephantiasis) , roundworm or pinworms ( present inside the intestine)

ANNELIDA

  • The organisms of this phylum is also  bilaterally symmetrical and triploblastic.
  • The organisms of this phylum have a true body cavity that allows true organs to be packaged in the body structure.
  • The organisms of this phylum have extensive organ differentiation and this differentiation occurs in a segmental fashion, with the segments lined up one after the other from head to tail.
  • The organisms of this phylum are found in a variety of habitats– fresh water, marine water as well as land.
  • example:- Earthworms and leeches

ARTHROPODA

  • This is probably the largest phylum of animals.
  • The organisms of this phylum are bilaterally symmetrical and segmented.
  • The organisms of this phylum have open circulatory system.
  • The organisms of this phylum have no well defined blood vessels to flow the blood.
  • The organisms of this phylum have jointed legs  (the word ‘arthropod’ means ‘jointed legs’).
  • ex:- prawns, butterflies, houseflies, spiders, scorpions and crabs

MOLLUSCA

  • The organisms of this phylum are bilaterally symmetrical.
  • The organisms of this phylum have open circulatory system.
  • The organisms of this phylum have kidney-like organs for excretion.
  • ex:- snails and mussels

ECHINODERMATA

  • The organisms of this phylum have  spiny skinned.
  • The organisms of this phylum are triploblastic and have a coelomic cavity.
  • The organisms of this phylum have hard calcium carbonate structures that they use as a skeleton.
  • The organisms of this phylum have  a peculiar water-driven tube system that they use for moving around.
  • ex:- starfish and sea urchins

PROTOCHORDATA

  • The organisms of this phylum are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic and have a coelom.
  • Notochord(long rod-like support structure that runs along the back of the animal separating the nervous tissue from the gut) is present at least at some stages during their lives.
  •  Notochord provides a place for muscles to attach for ease of movement.
  • The organisms of this phylum are marine.

VERTEBRATA

  • The organisms of this phylum are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic and have a coelom.
  • The organisms of this phylum are segmented.
  • The organisms of this phylum have complex differentiation of body tissues and organs.
  • The organisms of this phylum have a true vertebral column and internal skeleton which allowing a completely different distribution of muscle attachment that helps in movement.

Vertebrata is divided into 5 categories:-

PISCES



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