THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE


CELL:- The smallest unit of life is called cell.
  •  It is the structural and functional unit of life.
  • Cell is discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665 with help of microscope which was made by himself.
  • We have idea that all the living things have a single lives but inside a living being there is a lot of small lives. 
For example:- your blood have lots of red blood cell , white blood cell and  it can be survive outside the human body.
  • So the Robert Hooke discover the cell and new idea or theory about life or living being.
  • Cell is of two types:-
  1. prokaryotic cell:- The cells which lack the nuclear membrane around its genetic material is called prokaryotic cell.
  • Prokaryotic cells are present in prokaryotes. 
  • Archaebacteria ,Bacteria , Cyanobacteria are comes under prokaryotes.
  1. Eukaryotic cell:- The cell having nuclear membrane around its genetic material is called eukaryotic cell.
  • Eukaryotic cells are present in eukaryotes.
  • Protists,  Fungi, plants and Animals are comes under eukaryotes.
    • Difference between prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell:-
  • Prokaryotic cells are incomplete cell whereas Eukaryotic cell are complete cell.
  • Prokaryotic cell lack nuclear membranes around its genetic material(DNA) whereas eukaryotic cell have nuclear membrane around its genetic material.
  • Prokaryotic cells lack membrane bound cell organelles whereas Eukaryotic cell contain membrane bound organelles.
  • Prokaryotic cells are generally small in comparison with eukaryotic cell.
  • Prokaryotic cell lack of nucleus and nucleolus whereas Eukaryotic cell contains nucleus and nucleolus.
  • Prokaryotic cell contains single chromosome whereas eukaryotic cell contains more than one chromosome.
  • Prokaryotic cell divides by the process of fission or budding but eukaryotic cell divide itself by the process of mitotic or meiotic division.

SIMILARITIES IN PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC:-

  • Both have plasma membrane, cytoplasm and DNA.

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