How to improve crop variety?

Crop variety can be improved by the process of:-

• Hybridization
• Mutation
• Breeding
• Polyploidy
• DNA recombination technology

Plant breeding

• Plant breeding is the art of as well as science to improve the quality of plants(genetically) for economical purpose.
• There are many plant breeding methods or technique.
• The genetic improvement of plants can be done by the following three steps:-

1. Introduction:-  The introduction of new plants from there growing place to a new area where it never grown is called plant introduction.
• The adjustment of plant in new climate and new area is called acclimatization.

• It is the quick and low cost method of crop improvement.

example:- potato,coffee,tea,tobacco,papaya etc are introduced in India from different places of world.

2. Selection:- It is the process in which we select the plant having most desirable character. 

• There are two method of selection:-

  a. Mass selection:- In this process seeds of numbers of similar plant grown in a field. The offspring of these plant having most desirable character is selected and others were eliminated. The offspring is further grown and and again selected most desirable character and eliminated others.

eg.:- grapes, apples, pear, watermelon, radish etc 

b. Pure line selection:- In this process seeds of single type of plant is grown and select the desirable character offspring and others are eliminated and further this process is done by the desirable character offspring.

3. Hybridization:- The process of crossing of two genetically different plants is called hybridization. With thye help of this process new plant is obtained having new and improved character.The new plants obtained by the process of hybridization is called hybrid. This method can help in obtaining the character of both the plants in a single plant.

• Crossing between two different varieties of plant is called intervarietal cross breeding.
• Crossing between two different species of same genus is called interspecific cross breeding.
• Crossing between two different genera is called intergeneric cross breeding.

4. Mutation breeding:-